jueves, 24 de octubre de 2013

may and might (poder)

el may lo utilizamos para decir ago que es posible o muy problable. los usamos para el presente o el futuro, tambien se utiliza pra preguntar por algo pero mas educadamente que con el could.
Estos auxiliares modales los usmos para indicar una posibilidad y permisos. mbos son equivlentes en su significado y el uso pero might a diferencia de may expresa un menor grado de posibilidad.

la estructura de los auxiiares modales may and might son la sig:

afirmativa
sujeto+verbo auxiliar+verbo simple+complemento
he may go with you

negativa
sujeto+verbo auxilir+not+verbo simple+compemento
he may not go with you

interrogativa
verbo auxiliar+ sujeto+verbo simple+ complemento+?
may he go with you?

ejercisios presente perfecto

the electrician(repair)...... the lighting system
the electrician has reapired the lighting system
the electrician has not repaired the lighting system
has the electricin repaired the lighting system

a thief(steal).......mary`s purse
a thief has stolen mry`s purse
a thief has not stolen mary`s purse
has a thief stolen mry`s purse

they(accept)......credit cards
they have accepted credits cards
they have not ccpted cradit cards
have they accepted credits cards

susan(get).......$50 as a prize
susan has got $50 as  prize
susan has not got $50 as a prize
has susan got $50 as a prize

he (build)........ a new department
he has buit a new deprtment
he has not buit a new department
has he built a new department

oraciones afirmativas,negativas e interrogativas

a person must drink water
a person must not drink water
must a person drink water?

you must study hard
you must not study hard
must you study hard?


he must have money
he must not have money
must he have money?

i could go to park
i could not go to park
could i go to park?

we would help you
we would not hep you
would we help you?

i may come eat
i may not come eat
my i come eat?

he should work
he shoud not work
should i work?

presente perfecto

el presente perfecto en el idioma ingles es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a acciones que sucede en un pasado reciente y que guarda alguna relacion con el presente.

la estructura del presente perfecto es la sig:

Afirmativa
sujeto+have/has+verbo en pasado prticipio+comlemento
i have sent the letter
he has sent the letter

negativa
sujeto+have has+not+verbo en pasado participio+complemento
he has not broken the windows

interrogativa
have+sujeto+verbo en pasado participio+compemento+?
have you been in the u.s.a?

auxiliares modales

must,should, could,would,hve to and may

must(deberia) se utiliza cuando pensamos o realizamos alguna acividad o algo que es necesario o muy problable.
el auxiliar modal must(deberia)lo utilizamos para indicar una completa obligacion y una logica conclusion,por ejemplo:

-a person must drink water
una persona deberia tomar agua

-you must study hard
tu deberias estudiar mas duro

ejemplos que expresan una ogica conclusion
carl bought a new car. he must hve money

the party ends at 10 o`clock. you must come back before  9 o`clock

la fiesta termina a a diez en punto. tu deberias regresar antes de las 9 en punto

la estructura para formular oraciones con must es la sig:

-afirmativa
sujeto+verbo auxiliar must+verbo simple+complemento
he must eat less bread

-negativa
sujeto+auxiliar modal must+not+verbo simple+complemento
 he must not less bread

-interrogativa
must+sujeto+verbo simple+complemeto+?
must he eat less bread?


tema integrador

El Caracol, the Chichén Itzá Mayan observatory. The Olmec, a Pre-Columbian civilization living in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, calendar system required an advanced understanding of mathematics. The Olmec number system was based on 20 instead of decimal and used three symbols- a dot for one, a bar for five, and a shell-like symbol for zero. The concept of zero is one of the Olmecs' greatest achievements. It permitted numbers to be written by position and allowed for complex calculations. Although the invention of zero is often attributed to the Mayans, it was originally conceived by the Olmecs.


Mayans symbol for zero. To predict planting and harvesting times, early peoples studied movements of the sun, stars, and planets. They used this information to make calendars. The Aztecs created two calendars one for farming and one for religion. The farming calendar let them know when to plant and to harvest crops. An Aztec calendar stone dug up in Mexico City in 1790 includes information about the months of the year and pictures the sun god at the center.


The Aztec Sun Stone, also called the Aztec Calendar Stone, on display at the National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City. After the Viceroyalty of New Spain was founded, the Spanish brought the scientific culture that dominated Spain to the Viceroyalty of New Spain.[3]
The Franciscan order founded the first school of higher learning in the Americas, the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco in 1536, at the site of an Aztec school.[4]
The municipal government (cabildo) of Mexico City formally requested the Spanish crown to establish a university in 1539.[5] The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico (Real y Pontificia Universidad de México) was established in 1551. The university was administered by the clergy and it was the official university of the empire. It provided quality education for the people, and it was a hub of intellectual and religious development in the region. It taught subjects such as physics and mathematics from the perspective of Aristotelian philosophy. Augustinian philosopher Alonso Gutiérrez in 1553 he became the first professor of the University of Mexico. He wrote Physica speculatio, America's first scientific text, in 1557. By the late 18th century, the university had trained 1,162 doctors, 29,882 bachelors, and many lawyers.[3]
Educated by the Jesuits in Mexico Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora displayed an astonishing proficiency in science and mathematics. During the late 17th century he won the chair of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Mexico. Sigüenza challenged the official doctrine that comets were divine portents ofdisaster and argued for their natural origin. He is considered the first scientist of colonial Mexico to question the scholasticism that permeated the university and most of society.


traduccion


El Caracol , Chichén Itzá el Observatorio maya . Los olmecas , una civilización precolombina que viven en las tierras bajas tropicales del centro-sur de México , sistema de calendario requiere un conocimiento avanzado de las matemáticas. El sistema numérico olmeca se basó en 20 en lugar de decimal y utiliza tres símbolos - un punto para uno, una barra de cinco años, y un símbolo de concha para el cero . El concepto de cero es uno de los mayores logros de los olmecas . Permitió números para ser escrita por la posición y permitió cálculos complejos. Aunque la invención del cero se atribuye a menudo a los mayas, que fue concebido originalmente por los olmecas .

Mayas símbolo para el cero . Para predecir la siembra y cosecha , los pueblos primitivos estudiados movimientos del sol , las estrellas y los planetas. Ellos usaron esta información para hacer calendarios. Los aztecas crearon dos calendarios uno para la agricultura y otro para la religión. El calendario agrícola hacerles saber cuándo plantar y cosechar cultivos. Una piedra del calendario azteca desenterrado en la Ciudad de México en 1790 incluye información sobre los meses del año y fotos del dios Sol en el centro .

La Piedra del Sol Azteca , también llamado Calendario Azteca , en exhibición en el Museo Nacional de Antropología , Ciudad de México . Después de que se fundó el Virreinato de la Nueva España , los españoles trajeron la cultura científica que dominaba España al Virreinato de la Nueva España . [ 3 ]La orden franciscana fundó la primera escuela de educación superior en las Américas , el Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco en 1536 , en el sitio de una escuela azteca. [ 4 ]El gobierno municipal ( cabildo ) de la Ciudad de México solicitó formalmente la corona española para establecer una universidad en 1539. [ 5 ] La Real y Pontificia Universidad de México (Real y Pontificia Universidad de México ) se estableció en 1551. La universidad fue administrada por el clero y fue a la universidad oficial del imperio . Proporcionó educación de calidad para el pueblo, y fue un polo de desarrollo intelectual y religiosa de la región. Se enseña materias como la física y las matemáticas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía aristotélica. Filósofo Agustín Alonso Gutiérrez en 1553 se convirtió en el primer profesor de la Universidad de México . Escribió Physica speculatio , primer texto científico de Estados Unidos, en 1557 . A finales del siglo 18 , la universidad había entrenado 1.162 médicos, 29.882 licenciados , y muchos abogados. [ 3 ]Educado por los jesuitas en México Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora aparece un dominio asombroso de la ciencia y las matemáticas. Durante el siglo 17 que ganó la cátedra de matemáticas y astronomía en la Universidad de México . Sigüenza desafió la doctrina oficial de que los cometas eran portentos divinos ofdisaster y abogó por su origen natural. Se le considera el primer científico del México colonial a cuestionar la escolástica que impregnaba la universidad y la mayoría de la sociedad

lunes, 23 de septiembre de 2013

john(fly)....... his car this afternoon.
john will be fixing his car this afternoon
john will not be fixing his car this afternoon
will john be fixing his car  this afternoon?

i(study).....for the final exam next week
i will be studying fot he final exam next week 
i will not be studying  for the final exam next week
will i be studying for the final exam next week?

i(fly)........to spain next monday
 i will be flying to spain next monday
i will be not flying to spain next monday
will i be flying to spain next monday?

we(see).......jim this evening
we will seeing jim this evening
we will not be seeing jim this evening
will we seeing jim this evening?

my father(come)........ next week
my father will be comming next week
my father will be not comming next week
will my father be coming next week?

he(have).......dinner at nine
he will be having dinner at nine
he will be not having dinner at nine
will he be having dinner at nine?

tom(paint)......the house tommorrow morning
tom will be painting the house tommorrow morning
tom will be not painting the house tomorrow morning
will tom be painting the house tomorrow morning?

my parents(stay)..... in a luxurious hotel in italy
my parents will be staying in a luxurious hotel in italy
my parents will be not staying in a luxurious hotel in italy
will my parents be staying in a luxurious hotel in italy?

i(work).... the whole evening in this project
i will be working the whole evening in the project
i will be not working the whole evening in the project
will i be working the whole evening in the project?

i(clean)...... the houe this week
i will be cleaning the house this week
i will be not cleaning the house this week
will i be cleaning the house this week?

the surpervisor(speak)...to him the next monday
the supervisor will be speaking to him the next monday
the supervisor will be not speaking to him the next monday
will the supervisor be speaking to him the next monday?